Logic electronics.
A practitioner's tour from logic gates to digital design — Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential circuits, finite state machines, and a glimpse of FPGA implementation.
Boolean algebra & gates
Truth tables, Karnaugh maps, minimisation. NAND/NOR universality. Static and dynamic CMOS implementations of the basic primitives.
Combinational circuits
Multiplexers, decoders, encoders, adders, ALUs. Building blocks for any non-trivial digital system.
Sequential & state machines
Latches, flip-flops, registers, counters. Mealy and Moore machines. Timing, setup/hold, metastability.
FPGA implementation
From RTL to bitstream — Verilog/VHDL on an open-source toolchain (Yosys / nextpnr). Lab exercises on a small FPGA dev board.